When your kidneys fail, two treatment options exist: dialysis or a transplant. A transplant involves the removal of your failing kidney and replacement with a new kidney from a donor.
Some patients undergo dialysis for a period of time after kidneys begin to fail before receiving an "early" transplant. A "preemptive" transplant occurs when a patient's kidneys fail and a transplant is done immediately, before dialysis is needed.
Benefits of a Transplant
Many people believe that a transplant offers more freedom and, therefore, higher quality of life than permanent dialysis treatments. Benefits include:
- Fewer dietary restrictions — a heart-healthy diet is generally recommended
- Improved energy and overall health
- Longer life expectancy — studies show kidney transplant patients live longer than those who remain on dialysis
Risks of a Transplant
A kidney transplant does not come without risks. These include:
- Risks associated with surgery
- Side effects associated with anti-rejection medications
- Rejection of the kidney by your body
- Higher risk of infections
- Higher risk for certain types of cancer
While the new kidney can last for many years, how long varies by patient. Many patients need more than one kidney transplant in their lifetime.
Who Can Get a Transplant?
Anybody with kidney disease — from children to seniors — can potentially get a kidney transplant. Patients are assessed to determine if they are good candidates. To be a viable candidate, the patient must:
- Be cancer-free
- Have no active infections
- Complete a full medical and psychological evaluation
Older patients or those with other health problems may still be good candidates for kidney transplants. Your physician will discuss any risks associated with your age or health condition and recommend steps — such as smoking cessation or weight loss — to decrease those risks.